Go to the previous, next chapter.
This appendix gives a list of country codes with e-mail accessibility. It is helpful in finding-out if a country has easy access to e-mail and Internet facilities and is aimed at general e-mail and Internet users. This file is continuously updated and available by FTP from rtfm.mit.edu as `pub/usenet/news.answers/mail/country-codes'. See section Archiving below.
This document is based on International Standard ISO 3166 Names.
Compiled by Olivier M.J. Crepin-Leblond
(25)
This is used when one or more of the following is true:
Networks such as MILNET (U.S. Army) have computers all around the world. It is generally possible to assume that wherever there is a U.S. military base, there will be a node reachable through gateways.
Private company networks such as for DEC (Digital Equipment Corp.), or Sun Microsystems, for example, have nodes in many exotic locations. However the connection may take place via UUCP and cost a lot of money. Those networks have therefore not been included. In addition, those are PRIVATE networks.
Many companies (like U.S. Sprint, for example) offer commercial services to many countries which are not readily available on the Internet. The service is VERY COSTLY, usually takes place via UUCP or X.400 connections. X.400 e-mail is usually charged to someone and if the telecommunication carrier cannot find someone to pay for the message transfer, it will reject it. As a result, those types of network have not been included in the list. Although a user may RECEIVE e-mail from a user on those networks, one may not be able to reply to it.
FIDONET nodes are NOT included. While all nodes agree to forward e-mail as a condition to be included in the tables, the high cost of phone calls in more exotic locations prompts some sysadmins not to want their site publicised. Many FIDO nodes exist throughout the Middle-East and Africa.
The situation changes from day to day. The growth in international
networking is such that the information contained in this document
may be out of date by the time it reaches you.
If you have any update (i.e. knowledge that a new country is connected),
please send a message to
While there are several hundreds of BITNET nodes in USA, none have a name in the format `.us'. That's why the `.us' domain is only `FI' and `*'.
The domains in this section are special in that some of them are used in more than one country. The domains which have full internet access are marked accordingly. However, this doesn't mean that *all* of those domains have full internet access. For example, only a small proportion of .mil sites have full internet access. The same is true for .com sites, for example.
There are two codes for United Kingdom, namely UK and GB. While UK is used for addressing of most domains in DNS format, the field GB is used mainly in the X.400 addressing of United Kingdom sites. However, there is an increasing trend in some United Kingdom sites being directly connected to Internet under the GB domain. The GB domain is hence a perfectly suitable Internet top level domain.
This is the main nameserver as listed in the rs.internic.net database. Those often change as the network grows, and it is hard to keep track of all nameservers, but they should usually work. Nameservers can be queried by users using `nslookup'.
Once released, this document is archived in a number of archive sites around the world. Amongst them:
The tagged hosts (#) may not be accessible via Bear access or direct PC access in some cases.
Via listserver request:
All FAQs are also available via
The document is also retrievable by sending e-mail to
The up-to-date, pre-release document is also available using an
experimental simple mail-server that I have setup from my account.
Send e-mail to:
Code Country Conn Notes main nameserver AD Andorra AE United Arab Emirates * ns.uu.net AF Afghanistan AG Antigua and Barbuda * upr1.upr.clu.edu AI Anguilla AL Albania P gwd2i.cnuce.cnr.it AM Armenia Ex-USSR AN Netherland Antilles AO Angola AQ Antarctica FI * luxor.cc.waikato.ac.nz AR Argentina FI B * ns.uu.net AS American Samoa AT Austria FI B * pythia.edvz.univie.ac.at AU Australia FI * munnari.oz.au AW Aruba AZ Azerbaidjan Ex-USSR BA Bosnia-Herzegovina Ex-Yugoslavia BB Barbados * upr1.upr.clu.edu BD Bangladesh BE Belgium FI B * ub4b.buug.be BF Burkina Faso * orstom.orstom.fr BG Bulgaria FI B * pythia.ics.forth.gr BH Bahrain B * Gulfnet BI Burundi BJ Benin BM Bermuda * ns.uu.net BN Brunei Darussalam BO Bolivia * ns.uu.net BR Brazil FI B * fpsp.fapesp.br BS Bahamas * upr1.upr.clu.edu BT Buthan BV Bouvet Island BW Botswana * hippo.ru.ac.za BY Belarus * Ex-USSR BZ Belize P upr1.upr.clu.edu CA Canada FI B * relay.cdnnet.ca CC Cocos (Keeling) Isl. CF Central African Rep. CG Congo CH Switzerland FI B * scsnms.switch.ch CI Ivory Coast CK Cook Islands CL Chile FI B * dcc.uchile.cl CM Cameroon FI * in .fr domain inria.inria.fr CN China PFI * iraun1.ira.uka.de CO Colombia B * cunixd.cc.columbia.edu CR Costa Rica FI B * ns.cr CS Czechoslovakia FI B * still works... ns.cesnet.cz CU Cuba * igc.org CV Cape Verde CX Christmas Island CY Cyprus B * pythia.ics.forth.gr CZ Czech Republic FI * ns.cesnet.cz DE Germany FI B * deins.informatik.uni-dortmund.de DJ Djibouti DK Denmark FI B * ns.dknet.dk DM Dominica P upr1.upr.clu.edu DO Dominican Republic P upr1.upr.clu.edu DZ Algeria * EC Ecuador FI B * ecua.net.ec EE Estonia FI * Ex-USSR uvax2.kbfi.ee EG Egypt PFI B * frcu.eun.eg EH Western Sahara ES Spain FI B * sun.rediris.es ET Ethiopia FI Finland FI B * funet.fi FJ Fiji * truth.waikato.ac.nz FK Falkland Isl.(Malvinas) FM Micronesia FO Faroe Islands P danpost.uni-c.dk FR France FI B * inria.inria.fr FX France (European Ter.) ??? GA Gabon GB Great Britain (UK) FI * X.400 & IP ns1.cs.ucl.ac.uk GD Grenada P upr1.upr.clu.edu GE Georgia * Ex-USSR ns.eu.net GH Ghana GI Gibraltar GL Greenland GP Guadeloupe (Fr.) GQ Equatorial Guinea GF Guyana (Fr.) GM Gambia GN Guinea GR Greece FI B * pythia.ics.forth.gr GT Guatemala * ns.uu.net GU Guam (US) GW Guinea Bissau GY Guyana HK Hong Kong FI B * hp9000.csc.cuhk.hk HM Heard & McDonald Isl. HN Honduras * ns.uu.net HR Croatia FI * Ex-Yugo dns.srce.hr HT Haiti HU Hungary FI B * sztaki.hu ID Indonesia * ns.uu.net IE Ireland FI B * nova.ucd.ie IL Israel FI B * relay.huji.ac.il IN India FI B * sangam.ncst.ernet.in IO British Indian O. Terr. IQ Iraq IR Iran B * IS Iceland FI B * isgate.is IT Italy FI B * dns.nis.garr.it JM Jamaica * upr1.upr.clu.edu JO Jordan JP Japan FI B * jp-gate.wide.ad.jp KE Kenya * rain.psg.com KG Kirgistan Ex-USSR KH Cambodia KI Kiribati KM Comoros KN St.Kitts Nevis Anguilla P upr1.upr.clu.edu KP Korea (North) P KR Korea (South) FI B * ns.kaist.ac.kr KW Kuwait FI * No BITNET dns.kuniv.edu.kw KY Cayman Islands KZ Kazachstan * Ex-USSR in .su domain LA Laos LB Lebanon P LC Saint Lucia P upr1.upr.clu.edu LI Liechtenstein PFI * scsnms.switch.ch LK Sri Lanka * ns.eu.net LR Liberia LS Lesotho * hippo.ru.ac.za LT Lithuania PFI * Ex-USSR aun.uninett.no LU Luxembourg FI B * menvax.restena.lu LV Latvia FI * Ex-USSR lapsene.mii.lu.lv LY Libya MA Morocco P MC Monaco MD Moldavia Ex-USSR MG Madagascar MH Marshall Islands ML Mali MM Myanmar MN Mongolia MO Macau * hkuxb.hku.hk MP Northern Mariana Isl. MQ Martinique (Fr.) MR Mauritania MS Montserrat MT Malta P ns.iunet.it MU Mauritius MV Maldives MW Malawi MX Mexico FI B * mtecv1.mty.itesm.mx MY Malaysia FI B * mimos.my MZ Mozambique * hippo.ru.ac.za NA Namibia * rain.psg.com NC New Caledonia (Fr.) NE Niger * in .fr domain inria.inria.fr NF Norfolk Island NG Nigeria NI Nicaragua * ns.uu.net NL Netherlands FI B * sering.cwi.nl NO Norway FI B * nac.no NP Nepal NR Nauru NT Neutral Zone NU Niue NZ New Zealand FI * truth.waikato.ac.nz OM Oman PA Panama B * PE Peru B * rain.psg.com PF Polynesia (Fr.) PG Papua New Guinea * munnari.oz.au PH Philippines * ns.uu.net PK Pakistan * ns.uu.net PL Poland FI B * danpost.uni-c.dk PM St. Pierre & Miquelon PN Pitcairn PT Portugal FI B * ns.dns.pt PR Puerto Rico (US) FI B * sun386-gauss.pr PW Palau PY Paraguay * ns.uu.net QA Qatar RE Reunion (Fr.) FI * In .fr domain inria.inria.fr RO Romania FI B * roearn.ici.ac.ro RU Russian Federation P Ex-USSR RW Rwanda SA Saudi Arabia B * GulfNet SB Solomon Islands SC Seychelles SD Sudan SE Sweden FI B * sunic.sunet.se SG Singapore FI B * solomon.technet.sg SH St. Helena SI Slovenia FI * Ex-Yugos via .yu klepec.yunac.yu SJ Svalbard & Jan Mayen Is SK Slovak Republic FI * ns.eunet.sk SL Sierra Leone SM San Marino SN Senegal * rain.psg.com SO Somalia SR Suriname P upr1.upr.clu.edu ST St. Tome and Principe SU Soviet Union FI B * Still used. ns.eu.net SV El Salvador SY Syria SZ Swaziland TC Turks & Caicos Islands TD Chad TF French Southern Terr. TG Togo TH Thailand FI * chulkn.chula.ac.th TJ Tadjikistan Ex-USSR TK Tokelau TM Turkmenistan * Ex-USSR in .su domain TN Tunisia FI B * alyssa.rsinet.tn TO Tonga TP East Timor TR Turkey FI B * knidos.cc.metu.edu.tr TT Trinidad & Tobago P upr1.upr.clu.edu TV Tuvalu TW Taiwan FI B * moevax.edu.tw TZ Tanzania UA Ukraine FI * Ex-USSR via .su ns.eu.net UG Uganda UK United Kingdom FI B * ISO 3166 is GB ns1.cs.ucl.ac.uk UM US Minor outlying Isl. US United States FI * see note (4) venera.isi.edu UY Uruguay B * ns.uu.net UZ Uzbekistan Ex-USSR VA Vatican City State VC St.Vincent & Grenadines P upr1.upr.clu.edu VE Venezuela FI * nisc.jvnc.net VG Virgin Islands (British) VI Virgin Islands (US) * VN Vietnam * VU Vanuatu WF Wallis & Futuna Islands WS Samoa YE Yemen YU Yugoslavia FI B * Bitnet is cut klepec.yunac.yu ZA South Africa FI * rain.psg.com ZM Zambia ZR Zaire ZW Zimbabwe * rain.psg.com
See section Main nameservers for the next top level domains (rs.internic.net):
ARPA Old style Arpanet * alias still works ns.nic.ddn.mil COM Commercial FI * ns.internic.net EDU Educational FI B * ns.internic.net GOV Government FI * ns.internic.net INT International field FI * used by Nato ns1.cs.ucl.ac.uk MIL US Military FI * ns.nic.ddn.mil NATO Nato field * soon to be deleted NET Network FI * ns.internic.net ORG Non-Profit OrganizationFI * ns.internic.net
While every effort is made to provide accurate information, this list is not guaranteed to be accurate. This document is in NO WAY an official document. The information given should not be used as a basis for routing tables but only as general end-user information. This is a voluntary effort. I would appreciate greatly if errors/omissions could be pointed out to me and they would be corrected in the next release. The information included in this document implies no view whatsoever regarding questions of sovereignty or the status of any place listed. Affiliation to Imperial College is given for identification purposes only.
Olivier M. J. Crepin-Leblond<foobar@uk.ac.ic> Digital Comms. Section Elec. Eng. Department Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine London SW7 2BT, UK
"I hate definitions." ---Benjamin Disraeli, Vivian Grey Bk I, Chap II
Go to the previous, next chapter.